The Revisionist Western essays

The Revisionist Western essays In the late Sixties and early seventies, there was a revisionist movement in Hollywood. This revision of genres included the western genre. In this essay, I will analyze the differences between the classic Western, and the revisionist westerns. The movies which are considered to be revisionist westerns that I will be reviewing are the following: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, McCabe and Mrs. Miller, Unforgiven, and Dead Man; Two of which were created during the movement, and three of which were create more recently. In order to analyze these revisionist westerns, we must be able to compare them to the classic western. The classic western has certain attributes which allow them to be classified as a classic western. Of these themes, I will analyze the difference in approach between the classic and revisionist western. These themes include: The classic western was a story of a hero (a white male), who in the end always prevailed over the bad guys. The hero most likely possessed an exceptional ability with a gun, and would use this ability to fight for good, which would most likely be helping the weaker individuals of society defend themselves and their land from the villains or bad guys. The hero is brave, honorable, and valiant. Violence was a large theme in the classic western. Glorified gunfights were present in almost all of the original westerns. It seemed the only way to solve conflict in these movies was to out-shoot the enemy. Gunfights were not exactly realistic and always heroic as the hero always came out on top. Women in the classical westerns were depicted as weak individuals who were second to the men in society. Rarely was a woman a main character in the films, and if she was, she was shown to be weak, holding the man back, trying to tie the man down. Women in the classic western were The resolution to most of the classic westerns was simple and the hero would defeat the ...

Demetri Martins Humorous Quotes on Life

Demetri Martin's Humorous Quotes on Life Demetri Martin has a relaxed demeanor. You just have to listen to him for a few seconds before you fall off your chair, laughing. Demetri is a gifted artist, but how is he best described? A comic musician? A comic actor? A writer? Now, thats a bundle of talent.   Food If you have a pear-shaped body, you should not wear pear-colored clothes or act juicy. My friend had a burrito. The next day he said, That burrito did not agree with me. I was like, Was the disagreement over whether or not youd have diarrhea? Let me guess who won. I tried to reason with it, I insisted, you know. I was like, I wanna go outside, I like these pants, but the burrito had his way. I like fruit baskets because it gives you the ability to mail someone a piece of fruit without appearing insane. Like, if someone just mailed you an apple youd be like Huh? What the hell is this? but if its in a fruit basket youre like, This is nice! I was making  pancakes  the other day and a fly flew into the kitchen. And thats when I realized that a spatula is a lot like a fly swatter. And a crushed fly is a lot like a blueberry. And a roommate is a lot like a fly eater. I feel stupid when I write the word banana. Its  like, how many  nas  are on this thing? Cause Im like Bana ... keep going. Bananana  ... damn. Word Play I noticed that there are no B batteries. I think thats to avoid confusion, cause if there were you wouldnt know if someone was stuttering. Yes, hello Id like some B-batteries. What kind? B-batteries. What kind? B-batteries! and D-batteries thats hard for foreigners. Yes, I would like de batteries. I think its interesting that cologne rhymes with alone. Saying Im sorry is the same as saying I apologize. Except at a funeral. Some jokes are short and elegant, like a mathematical proof or a midget in a ball gown. I like when good things happen to me, but I wait two weeks to tell anyone because I like to use the word fortnight. I like video games, but theyre really violent. Id like to play a  video game  where you help the people who were shot in all the other games. Itd be called Really Busy Hospital. I went into  a clothes  store and a lady came up to me and said, if you need anything, Im Jill. Ive never met anyone with a conditional identity before. The digital camera is a great invention because it allows us to reminisce. Instantly. I love women, but I feel like you cant trust some of them. Some of them are liars, you know? Like I was in the park and I met this girl, she was cute and she had a dog. And I went up to her; we started talking. She told me her dogs name. Then I said, Does he bite? She said, No. And I said, Oh yeah? Then how does he eat? Liar. A quick way to start a conversation is to say something like Whats your favorite color? A quick way to end a conversation is to say something like Whats your favorite color ...  person? I was on the street. This guy waved to me, and he came up to me and said, Im sorry, I thought you were someone else. And I said, I am. Sort of is such a harmless thing to say ... sort of. Its just a filler. Sort of ... it doesnt really mean anything. But after certain things, sort of means everything. Like ... after I love you ... or Youre going to live .. or Its a boy! I wonder what the word for dots looks like in Braille. Birthdays I wrapped my Christmas presents early this year, but I used the wrong paper. See, the paper I used said Happy Birthday  on it. I didnt want to waste it so I just wrote Jesus on it. It was my  friends birthday  and I was mad at him, so I sent him a card. It said  happy birthday, but I put quotes around the word Happy... sarcastic birthday, douche bag. Everything Else I like parties, but I dont like pinatas because the pinata promotes violence against flamboyant animals. Hey, theres a donkey with some pizzazz. Lets kick its ass. What Im trying to say is, dont make the same Halloween costume mistake that I did. Employee of the month is a good example of how somebody can be both a winner and a loser at the same time. I think that when you get dressed in the morning, sometimes youre really making a decision about your behavior for the day. Like if you put on flip-flops, youre saying: Hope I dont get chased today. Be nice to people in sneakers. My plumbing is all screwed up. Because it turns out, I do not own a garbage disposal. A lot of people dont like bumper stickers. I dont mind bumper stickers. To me, a bumper sticker is a shortcut. Its like a little sign that says Hey, lets never hang out. A drunk driver is very dangerous. So is a drunk backseat driver if hes persuasive. Dude, make a left. Those are trees. Trust me. If I have to move up in a building, I choose the elevator over the escalator. Because one time I was riding the escalator and I tripped. I fell down the stairs for an hour and a half. I used to play sports. Then I realized you can buy trophies. Now Im good at everything.

Managing Contention for Shared Resources on Multicore Processors Case Study - 1

Managing Contention for Shared Resources on Multicore Processors - Case Study Example As a result, they ran a group of applications on different schedules, paired differently such that each application had the opportunity to pair with the other applications. They ran each possible schedule in the same memory domain rather than as an individual entity. In doing this they managed to attain the actual degradation of each bench mark while sharing the same memory domain as another bench mark. They then compared the actual best schedule with the estimated best schedule, that is they compared the degradation of the estimated best schedule in relation to the actual best one. They concluded that high-rate-miss applications should not be combined with low-rate-miss applications. Zhuravlev et al.(2) adds that previous works meant to improve thread performance in multicore systems was based on cache contention as it was assumed that it was the main, if not the only cause of performance degradation. They also state that (Zhuravlev et al. 20) "in this context cache contention is suffering extra cache misses because its co-runner (threads running on cores that share the same LLC) bring their own data into the LLC evicting the data of others." As stated by (Federova et al. 45) when a thread requests a cache line that doesnt exist, then a cache miss is registered, and a new cache line must be allocated. Chandra, Guo, Kim and Salihin (nd, p1) indicate that the sharing of a cache by threads in multicore processors is important to prevent redundancy. However, when several threads share the same cache, they compete for the available cache space. The sharing of cache space isnt uniform and therefore, the performance of those threads that access less cache space is greatly reduced. Federova et al. (32) have throughout the analysis aim to prove that the best formula to avoid contention in multicore processor systems is by building a contention-aware scheduler. They state that assigning applications to cores depending on the best possible schedule, may

Investigation of the effect of the balanced scorecard on the Dissertation

Investigation of the effect of the balanced scorecard on the performance of the for profit organisations - Dissertation Example The researcher states that it is important to first understand and comprehend the basic concept of balanced scorecard before investigating its impact on the performance of the organisations. The balanced scorecard provides a new and changed approach towards the management of the performance of the organisation. It is important to manage, monitor, and control the organisational performance in order to make sure that the organisation is able to accomplish the objectives, vision, and mission defined by the top management. There have been several research studies in order to understand the implementation of the balanced scorecard in effective and efficient manner. The research study will be beneficial for the business analysts and organisations who are looking for the methods and techniques for successful implementation of the balanced scorecard strategic tool in order to manage the overall performance. The method of balanced scorecard allows the organisation in the process of identifyin g the issues with the previous strategic management tools being used and provides the organisation with clear definition of the objects and elements which should be measured and monitored. This in turn allows the organisation to accomplish the main financial objectives. The main motivation or encouragement behind the research study is to explore the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard in the process of increasing the overall performance and profits of the organisation. The approach of balanced scorecard has been gaining rapid popularity and is being used by several organisations as a strategic management tool.... The approach of balanced scorecard has been gaining rapid popularity and is being used by several organisations as a strategic management tool (Geuser, Mooraj, and Oyon, 2009). Hence, it is important to understand the factors which influence the successful implementation of the balanced scorecard. In this way, organisations will be able to use the balanced scorecard in effective and efficient manner and will avoid any pitfalls and negative implications. 1.5. Aim and Objectives of the Research Study: The main aim behind this research study is: ‘to explore the effect of the balanced scorecard on the performance of the for profit organisations’. The objectives which will be tried to fulfill by the research study are as follow: To explore the advantages and benefits of balanced scorecard for the organisations. To investigate the relationship between the implementation of the balanced scorecard and the performance of the organisation. To identify the differences in the perfor mance of the organisation which have implemented balanced scorecard and the performance of the organisation which have not implemented balanced scorecard. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: 2.1. Overview of Balanced Scorecard: A balanced scorecard is a tool utilised in an organisation to integrate their objectives, strategy and performance. This tool is unique as it can be used as a performance-measurement system, a strategic management system and a communication system. A balanced scorecard integrates each business activity of an organisation with its organisational strategy, and assesses the performance of each business activity in achieving a strategic goal (Cardinaels, Paula, and Veen-Dirks, 2010). This in term helps the

The Future of Books Essay Example for Free

The Future of Books Essay The past decade has seen the unparalleled development of electronic devices. And the subversive popularity of e-books plays a crucial role in this process. Nowadays, it’s quite common to see a portable iPad instead of piles of heavy books in a teenager’s backpack. An increasing number of people prefer to tap on screens rather than turn paper pages. Because of this mounting craze, some people anticipate that with the looming momentum e-books will ultimately take the place of traditional print books and dominate the market, which has stirred up a heated debate. From my point of view, I really doubt such a pessimistic judgment of the outlook of paper books. People have been using paper books for thousands of years. In gratitude to paper books for initiating us into the world of knowledge, we have formed a deep-rooted attachment to them, which stays on inwardly all the while. So it’s hardly feasible to abandon this habit radically. Actually, paper books have already become a part of reading itself. How can you let those ardent readers who will go through fire and water for paper books give up the smell of ink and the touch of papers? Nevertheless, those manufacturers salivating over prospects for e-books keep telling us there are a sizable number of advantages in order to plunge customers into the craze and boost sales. But if you consider their recommendations carefully, you can uncover that e-books are not completely ideal choices. Firstly, they say that e-books are much cheaper. Apparently, they make no mention of the fact that e-readers are expensive. What’s more, let’s take iPad as an example. Apple Inc has already shipped three generations of iPad. So a lot of consumers keep trading up almost annually regardless of the high price, which amounts to a waste of money to some extent. Secondly, some people say that e-books own better portability. In most cases, however, we only need to carry one or two books with us, which is not that inconvenient. On the contrary, e-readers can be targets of theft and batteries are readily dead, which will afflict users a lot. But traditional books are devoid of these problems. Last but not least, there are really too many distractions on e-readers, which may make us sink into other entertainments and use e-readers secondarily for reading, not to mention its harm to our eyesight. All in all, I believe with the craze simmering down, people will smell the coffee and find that e-books cannot hold a candle to paper books in many ways and make their sensible decisions by choice. E-books won’t emulate traditional books and take charge of the whole market. We won’t pine for the passing golden age of traditional books in that they will be always there waiting for us.

Who Is Raising the Children? Essay -- essays research papers

Who Is Raising the Children?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children are no longer being raised by effective positive influences. Most parents don't have sufficient time to spend with their kids because of economic realities. They are relying on other resources to be positive figures. As well as parents, educators also lack the time and resources to positively influence students in their care. This lack of guidance is resulting in a generation of children without a sense of proper behavior and morale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most parents are forced to limit the amount of time they can spend with their children. Our economy may be the largest factor that separates parents from their kids. In single parent homes, the parent often has to work two jobs to support their family. Even when children are living with two parents, often both must work full time jobs. By simply trying to achieve minimal income, parents don't have enough time to dedicate strictly to their children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parents are having to rely on other resources to develop their child's mind. All too often, television has become the new baby-sitter for today's youth. This generation of children is watching more hours per day than any generation before it. In order to achieve higher ratings and a larger audience, television is pushing the limits of behavior and morality. When children are left with television as their main influence, a child does not receive a proper sense of reality. Th...

Who benefits from take over resistance tactics

Who benefits from take over resistance tactics? According to the finance literature, a takeover is a process whereby a firm acquires another firm, resulting in a change of the controlling interest of the acquired firm. Takeovers can occur through acquisitions, proxy contests and going-private transactions. They can be friendly when the management of the target firm is receptive to the bidder offer or they can be hostile when target firm managers resist takeover attempts by using defensive tactics. According to Ross et al (2010), takeovers can result in change of firm policies, layoffs, terminations, or overhaul of business operations.To analyze who benefits from a takeover resistance tactic, we should first examine the reasons or motivations of the defensive tactic by target firm managers. According to Ruback (1987), managers resist takeovers for the following reasons: Managers believe that firm has hidden values, this is due to the private information they have about the firms futur e prospects that is not available to the public and when managers assess the takeover bid by comparing the offer price with what they believe is the fair value of the firm (incorporating the private information) and the offer price turns out to be less, managers will oppose the offer.Managers believe the resistance will increase offer price, therefore, their attempt to resist slows the bid and create opportunity to an increase of the tender offer as the bidder after an initial unsuccessful friend offer, tries to buy through a tender offer and if not successful, try the auction for the firm. According to Ruback (1983) cited in Ruback (1987), the final offer price exceeded the initial offer price by 23% in 48 competitive tender offers between 1962-81.Managers may want to preserve their Jobs and positions, especially when they are ware that the bidder intends to replace the target firm's management. Target firm managers use a variety of defensive tactics to avoid takeovers, from alteri ng the terms of directors where managers amend charters of the firm to make takeovers more difficult; golden parachutes related to severance packages payable to managers in the event of takeover, increasing the cost of acquisition; poison pills provision that are deterrent to the acquirer diluting for example the acquirers share in the firm.Other tactics after the company in in play include greenmail and standstill agreement, white knight and white squire, recapitalization and repurchases where managers issue debt to repurchase shares aising the market share price, making it less attractive to the bidder; exclusionary self-tenders and asset restructuring. These tactics are built by management for self- protection reasons, being severe, (blocking takeovers) or soft tactics with no substantial impact on the offer price.However, empirical evidence shows that although manager's defensive tactics may sometime rarely shareholders by increasing wealth, in general, these tactics do not have a positive impact in the share price of the target firm. According to DeAnglelo and Rice (1983) cited in Ruback (1987. p56-57), they found no evidence of share price reaction to adoption of orporate charters amendment when analyzing 53 firms using staggered boards as well as the ettect ot super majority provision. Ho ( 6) cited in Ruback 7), tound no evidence of existence of abnormal return for a sample of 23 poison pills.This conclusion is also consistent with findings of Kidder, Peabody and Company for a sample of 167 poison pills where no stock price change was observed. Evidence by Dann and DeAngelo (1983) proves that there is a negative stock price reaction with the use of standstill agreements by -4% whereas, greenmails, cause a negative stock reaction of -3%. Dann and DeAngelo (1986) cited in Ruback (1987), analyzed 20 transactions where they found that acquisitions and divestitures, reduce by 2% the share price of the target firm. In general, empirical evidence supports the idea that manager's defensive tactics are harmful to the target firm value.For example, Bates et al (2012) reported that Microsoft Corporation offered USD 47 billion to Yahoo in 2008, a premium above 60% however; this offer was rejected by Yahoo executives. Following Microsoft's withdrawal of the acquisition bid, Yahoo's shares dropped by 1 5%; the CEO of Yahoo was later replaced for this costly and selfish behavior. According to Bradley et al (1988) cited in Devos (2009), companies merge to benefit from synergies. For a sample of 236 successful tender offers from 1963-1884, they noted that the equity value for the combined firms increased by 7,4% in average.Synergy is when the combined firm value exceeds the value of the acquirer and acquired firm before the acquisition. Therefore, synergy is attached to the incremental cash flows, coming from revenue enhancement, cost reduction, tax gains and reduced capital requirements. According to Brealey (2003), acquisitions can happen in th ree basic forms, merger or consolidation, acquisition of stock and cquisition of assets. The merger is the incorporation of assets and liabilities of one firm by another and the acquirer maintains its name whereas the acquired firm ceases to exist.The main advantage of this method over others rely on the minimum costs incurred on mergers as they do not require the transfer of title deed of individual assets of the acquired firm to the acquiring firm which is costly provided that the merger is approved. In addition, in the transfer of assets form according to Ross et al (2010), minority shareholders often cause problems to the majority shareholders. The acquisition of stock as we saw above, can be costly to the bidder because of the defensive tactics used by the target firm managers as an attempt to avoid the takeover.Therefore, the outcome aimed by the acquiring firm may not be achieved as the tender price may be pushed us, above the real market value of the acquired firm.

Jane Eyre Is a Romantic Novel

Jane Eyre can easily be classified as a romantic novel. The term â€Å"romantic† usually brings to mind images of love , however, it is much more than that. It is filled with emotion and freedom and can also be seen as the main conflict of the narrative because that is what the characters central struggles evolve around which is why â€Å"Jane Eyre† which can easily be classified as a romantic novel. Throughout the novel romance can be portrayed in many ways such as Berthas acts of arson. She is known as the â€Å"madwoman in the attic† and put Mr Rochester through â€Å"hideous and degrading agonies† as she went against Victorian morals and commited adultery.This act of madness cause Jane to save Mr Rochester, and when Jane extinguishes the literal flames it can be seen as a metaphor for the new ones she is about to kindle with Rochester. Berthas arson symbolizes her using the power of sexuality to destroy Rochester’s home however she has unintenti ally opened a new chapter of love in his life. Sharing the secret of the fire brings them both closer and their increased closeness causes Mr Rochester’s romantic feelings towards Jane to grow, finally resulting in him proposing to Jane adding to the romantic element of the plot.When Jane learns that Mr Rochester is already married she has to make the difficult decision of wether to leave him and her life at thornfield behind or not. Mrs Fairfax clearly warns Jane of the disagreements she is bound to have with Rochester when she explains to her â€Å"Gentlemen in his station are not accustomed to marrying their governesses†. Jane wishing to uphold the common life of a governess does not make her love Mr Rochester any less but it does create dangerous tension between them.The tense atmosphere now created may possibly contribute to Jane’s choice to run away from Thornfield which we see later in the story is the path she needed to choose in order to live the life s he longed for with Mr Rochester. On the other hand, her decision may not have been made on the terms that it was morally wrong in society to be with a married man, the motive behind it was more likely to be based on her own emotions and love for Rochester. â€Å"My hand moved towards the lock: I caught it back and glided on†, this conveys that Jane had powerful feelings for Rochester and could not commit to a man who could not fully commit to her.She has let her heart over rule her mind and the stubborn tone here highlights that Jane knows she is making the right decision as her emotions always benefit her. This intensity of emotions conveys that â€Å"Jane Eyre† can be easily classified as a romantic novel. The decision to leave Mr Rochester adds to the romantic element of the novel as it leads Jane down a path that will have her make decisions that will majorly effect her outcome in life and love. As she moves on to Moor house and meets St. John, he proposes to marry her as she would make the perfect wife for the missionary life that he leads.The entire reason this shocking marriage is proposed is because St. John firmly thinks that â€Å"God and nature intended for a missionary’s wife†. This occurs only because St. John notices that Jane fits the role of a missionary wife and a wife would aid him in pursuing his ultimate goal, to live the common life of a missionary. He does not take Janes feelings into consideration and she refuses this lifestyle. The lifestyles of a governess, missionary, and member of high society cause conflicts that have a meaningful effect on the romantic plot of Jane Eyre. Furthermore like St.John, Jane’s heart belongs to someone else and she uses harsh imagery to project her emotions and refer to him as â€Å"a stranger – unsympathizing alien† and refuses this proposal. Women in the 18th century were expected to marry in order to make something of themselve’s as they had no oth er role to play in society, so some may have considered this refusal foolish as Jane would have to live a life of solitude and become an outcast. However, Jane’s refusal of a secure and exciting life causes her to follow her heart and once again persue her beloved Mr Rochester which is a crucial part of the romantic plot.The consequence of the romantic idea of following your emotions evokes changes in Jane’s life that effects the entire plot of the story, highlight that â€Å"Jane Eyre† can be easily classified as a romantic novel. Overall it is the romantic elements that Bronte uses such as the power of emotions and moral conflicts that causes â€Å"Jane Eyre† to be classified as a romantic novel. They effect the path in which Jane takes and are crucial to the romantic plot of the story which makes the novel unique to others.

Truman Quoted essays

Truman Quoted essays If you cant stand the heat, get out of the kitchen, is one of Harry S. Trumans most famous quote. Historians have long debated whether or not this quote applied to Truman himself during his lifetime between 1884 and 1972. The quote means that if a person cannot tolerate the pressures of a particular situation, then this person should remove himself from that situation. Using political, diplomatic, and cultural examples from Trumans own life, this quote can be confirmed. In 1945, Truman became the 33rd president of the United States while World War II was taking place. Being the president of the United States is very difficult especially in times of war. Truman, like other presidents, was immensely pressured by the country to perform contradicting actions. He had to decided difficult questions such as whether or not to support South Korea. Some of his cabinet members also pressured him to use the atomic bomb in Japan to end the war while others argued against killing hundreds of thousands of civilians. Truman was politically prepared for the job. By serving two terms as the president he proved that he could stay in the kitchen. The Republicans also pressured Truman, as it is common for one political party to antagonize the other party in a political battle. The Republicans spread lies and rumors and made damaging propaganda to ruin Trumans reputation. Truman withstood this abyss of political pressures throughout his career and proved that he could s tand the heat. In 1950, communist forces from North Korea invaded South Korea while Truman was the president. South Korea had been an ally of the United States since the World War II. The United States had army bases located in that country. The country was torn between the decisions of whether or not to support their ally country Korea. There was a chance that if the United States defended Korea, the Soviet Union would support North Korea...

Create a Website Link From a MySQL Database With PHP

Create a Website Link From a MySQL Database With PHP Often people new to working with databases  are able to fetch the information they need and echo it onto a page, but then they struggle with figuring out how to link the results for use on a website. This is a simple process in which you echo the appropriate HTML and call the URL in the middle of it.  You can use PHP to connect to and manipulate databases. The most popular database system used with PHP is MySQL. Together, PHP and MySQL are cross-platform. Create a Link From a MySQL Database With PHP In this example, you fetch an array and assign it to $info, and one of the fields holds email addresses. while($info mysql_fetch_array( $data )) { Print $info[name] . ; Print Note that this code called .$info[email] twice- once to display the email and once to be used in the link. The actual href linking code is placed around the information using print or echo and separated with dots. Here is another example using a web address and website name. while($info mysql_fetch_array( $data )) { Print .$info[sitetitle] . ; } Again you first print the. The URL generated with this code can be used on your website to provide a link to the information contained in the MySQL database.

Recycling in Australia and China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recycling in Australia and China - Essay Example In fact, many Chinese people are relying on garbage and unwanted materials in order to make both ends meet everyday (Jazeera, 2010). The ultimate goal of China is to create a big industry for its recycling industry, but Australia is more into regulating the balance flow of its materials economy. One important distinction between Australia’s recycling industry and China’s can be depicted in their major objectives towards their recycling programme. Both of these countries seek to optimise the full advantage of the proper handling of waste materials that in return will help sustain their economy. As a result, common to their strategy when it comes to their varying recycling programme is their goal to achieve economic sustainability. In Australia for instance, the Australian Council of Recycling (ACOR) seeks to achieve efficient, sustainable materials economy. Part of this organisation’s function is to help the government addressed society’s internal issues to wards the handling of their waste materials. In China, there is a remarkable recycling market. ... y Unlike Australia, China is still in its infancy stage when it comes to organising its entire recycling industry that is why it needs to come up with relevant incentives and motivating forces to influence the stakeholders (Mo et al., 2009). Australia is highly organised when it comes to its implementation process on its recycling programme. This is due to various collaborations of its stakeholders which eventually have resulted to positive support and impact on its entire recycling industry. Remarkably, unlike China, Australia has become so focus with sufficient time to concentrate on specific objectives. For instance, to ensure maximisation of recovery and re-use, copper and zinc recycling in Australia are targeted to reach in their discard flow by about â€Å"105% and 155% to 150 Gg Cu/year and 145 Gg Zn/year† (Beers and Graeded, 2007). Furthermore, upstream and downstream sorting of residues is an integral part of Australia’s policy instrument for recycling. Part of this is to manage wood waste which has â€Å"taken a large amount of landfill space† and is said to contribute to â€Å"global warming as the process of decomposition takes place resulting to the emission of carbon dioxide and methane gases† (Taylor et al., 2009). These clearly indicate that Australia has clear and specific goals in its overall plan for its recycling strategy. In addition, there were â€Å"Industry-led initiatives collaborating with national government: Australia’s National Packaging Covenant ensures market for new materials recovered from recycling; Aluminum can industry helps encourage the community for recycling by paying people for using aluminum cans delivered to the centre; drumMuster helps to initiate collection of empty, cleaned and non-returnable crop protection and animal health